In this research two samples of a nominal composition Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x were prepared by the solid state reaction method, using two different routes. Codes A and B are used to refer to the two samples. In preparing sample A, the standard method for calcination was used, while for sample B, the SrCO 3 and CaCO 3 were calcinated at 1100℃ for 3 h. Calcination was done separately on SrCO 3 and CaCO 3 in order to eliminate CO 2 . Then after mixing and grinding, the powder mixtures of Bi 2 O 3 , CuO, PbO, SrO and CaO were calcinated at 840℃ for 70 h. Also, the samples (samples C) of nominal compositions Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x + % x Gd 2 O 3 (% x = 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9) have been synthesized by this method. The XRD and SEM results show that addition of Gd 2 O 3 helps to increase the amount of Bi-2212 phase, while alternative calcination process improves the formation of the Bi-2223 phase. In addition, the AC susceptibility measurements confirm the XRD and SEM results.
KeywordsBi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O SystemX-Ray DiffractionScanning Electron MicroscopyAC Susceptibility
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