On the Galvanic Modification of Seawater
- 1 NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
Chemical properties of seawater are studied at forced shifting of Fermi level ε F in the band gap of liquid water due to deviation of its composition H 2 O 1 − z ( | z ｜ < 10 − 13 ) from the stoichiometric one ( z = 0 ). It is shown that the hypo-stoichiometric state ( z > 0 ) of seawater emerges when Fermi level is shifted to the local electron level ε <sub> H 3 O</sub> of hydroxonium H 3 O + in galvanic cell with the strongly polarized anode and the quasi-equilibrium cathode. Then, each ε <sub> H 3 O </sub> is occupied by electron and hydroxonium radicals [H 3 O] together with hydroxide anions [OH − ] form in seawater hydrated electrons [(H 2 O) 2 − ] . The opposite hyper-stoichiometric state ( z < 0 ) of seawater is gotten in galvanic cell with the strongly polarized cathode and the quasi-equilibrium anode. Then, Fermi level is shifted to the local energy level ε <sub>OH </sub> for removing electron from each hydroxide ion OH − and forming hydroxyl radicals [OH] as strong oxidizers. It turned out that the ions of sodium and chlorine are connected into hydrates of sodium hypochlorite NaClO in this case.
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