The Solution to the Dark Energy Mystery in the Universe of Four Distance Dimensions

Abstract

This study is a continuation of the solution to the dark matter mystery in the earlier study. In that study, the theoretical four-dimensional mass generates similar galaxy rotations as were measured. This proves that the theory of four-dimensional mass is correct, especially as all the calculations are basic mechanics and easy to understand. Most of the mass and energy in the Universe is unknown. The common knowledge is that the ordinary mass is only about 5%, the dark matter that rotates the galaxies comprises 26%, and dark energy that expands the Universe at an accelerating speed is 69%. This study solves the mystery of dark energy by using the structure of the four-dimensional Universe. The theory of the Universe expanding at an accelerating speed has been based on the redshift measurements, in which the redshift of light from distant galaxies increases at an accelerating rate. Therefore, it has been inferred that the whole Universe expands at an accelerating speed. In this study, the model of the Universe is the surface volume of the four-dimensional spherical Universe. This type of structure of the Universe creates the same kind of an accelerating redshift increase which has been measured. In order to prove this theory, the model of the surface volume of the four-dimensional Universe was constructed, the equation of the redshift caused by this Universe was solved, and the theoretical equation was shown to be the same as the measured redshift in the Universe. The measured redshift in the Universe was obtained from the derivative of the model of the expanding Universe. A similar model of the Universe has been published by NASA. The four-dimensional model of the Universe in this study yielded the Universe that was found to have decelerating expansion at this point of time, and a Big Bang that was not very big.