Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Composite Tissues Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- 2 Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) found in vertebrate tissues are fiber reinforced composite materials that prevent premature mechanical failure, store, transmit, and dissipate mechanical energy generated by the musculoskeletal system. We have developed a new method using optical cohesion tomography and vibrational analysis to non-destructively and non-invasively measure the mechanical properties of composite tissues and polymeric materials. In addition, this method can be used to measure the moduli of individual components of composite materials and perform “mechanical spectroscopy” on materials. In addition, we propose that measurement of the resonant frequency of a material minimizes the viscoelastic behavior of a composite material. This approach simplifies the analysis of mechanical behavior of polymers and others materials that demonstrate time-dependence to their properties.
- Burgeson, P. and Nimni, M.E. (1992) Collagen Types: Molecular Structure and Tissue Distribution. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 282, 250-257. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199209000-00033
- Silver, F.H., Freeman, J. and DeVore, D. (2001) Viscoelastic Properties of Human Skin and Processed Dermis. Skin Research and Technology, 7, 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0846.2001.007001018.x
- Parry, D.A. and Craig, A.S. (1984) Growth and Development of Collagen Fibrils in Connective Tissue. In: Ruggeri, A. and Motta, P.M., Eds., The Ultrastructure of the Connective Tissue Matrix, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, MA, 34-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2831-5_2
- Millington, P.F. and Wilkinson, R. (1983) Skin. Cambridge University Press, New York.
- Vitallaro-Zuccarello, L., Cappalletti, S., Rossi, V.P.D. and Sari-Gorla, M. (1994) Stereological Analysis of Collagen and Elastic Fibers in the Normal Human Dermis: Variability with Age, Sex, and Body Region. The Anatomical Record, 238, 153-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092380202
- Trelstad, R.L., Birk, D.E. and Silver, F.H. (1982) Collagen Fibrillogenesis in Tissues, in a Solution and from Modeling: A Synthesis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 79, 109s-112s. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12545945
- Uitto, J., Olsen, D.R. and Fazio, M.J. (1989) Extracellular Matrix of the Skin: 50 Years of Progress. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 92, 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1989.34
- Oxlund, H., Maschot, J. and Vidiik, A. (1988) The Role of Elastin in the Mechanical Properties of Skin. Journal of Biomechanics, 21, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(88)90172-8
- Gosline, J., Lillie, M., Carrington, E., Guerette, P., Ortlepp, C. and Savage, K. (2002) Elastic Proteins: Biological Roles and Mechanical Properties. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, 357, 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.1022
- Silver, F.H., Horvath, I. and Foran, D.J. (2002) Mechanical Implications of the Domain Structure of Fiber-Forming Collagens: Comparison of the Molecular and Fibrillar Flexibilities of the Alpha1-Chains Found in Types I-III Collagen. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 216, 243-54. https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2002.2542
- Silver, F.H. (2006) Mechanosensing and Mechanochemical Transduction in Extracellular Matrix. Springer, New York.
- Poole, C.A., Flint, M.H. and Beaumont, B.W. (1987) Chondrons in Cartilage: Ultrastructural Analysis of the Pericellular Microenvironment in Adult Human Articular Cartilage. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 5, 509-522. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100050406