X-Ray Analysis by Williamson-Hall and Size-Strain Plot Methods of ZnO Nanoparticles with Fuel Variation
- 1 Centre for Nano Science and Technology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India
- 2 Centre for Nano Science and Technology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India
- 3 Centre for Nano Science and Technology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India
- 4 Botany Department, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada, India
Abstract
In this paper, a simple and facile surfactant assisted combustion synthesis is reported for the ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesis of ZnO-NPs has been done with the assistance of non-ionic surfactant TWEEN 80. The effect of fuel variations and comparative study of fuel urea and glycine have been studied by using characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and particle size analyzer. From XRD, it indicates the presence of hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO-NPs. Using X-ray broadening, crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening of ZnO-NPs were studied by using Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis and size-strain plot. Strain, stress and energy density parameters were calculated for the XRD peaks of all the samples using (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) and by the size-strain plot method (SSP). The results of mean particle size showed an inter correlation with W-H analysis, SSP, particle analyzer and TEM results.
- Hu, J.T., Odom, T.W. and Liebe, C.M. (1999) Chemistry and Physics in One Dimension: Synthesis and Properties of Nanowires and Nanotubes. Accounts of Chemical Research, 32, 435-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar9700365
- Annapoorani, R., Dhananjeyan, M.R. and Renganathan, R. (1997) An Investigation on ZnO Photocatalysed Oxidation of Uracil. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 111, 215-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(97)00170-6
- Huang, W.-J., Fang, G.-C. and Wang, C.-C. (2005) A Nanometer-ZnO Catalyst to Enhance the Ozonation of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Water. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 260, 45-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.01.031
- Sánchez, L., Peral, J. and Domènech, X. (1996) Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by in Situ Photogenerated Fenton Reagent. Electrochimica Acta, 41, 1981-1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(95)00486-6
- Chen, B.J., Sun, X.W., Xu, C.X. and Tay, B.K. (2004) Growth and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nano/Micro-Fibers by Thermal Chemical Reactions and Vapor Transport Deposition in Air. Physica E, 21, 103-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.077
- Nakata, Y., Okada, T.and Maeda, M. (2002) Deposition of ZnO Film by Pulsed Laser Deposition at Room Temperature. Applied Surface Science, 197, 368-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00426-9
- Yoo, Y.-Z., Jin, Z.-W., Chikyow, T., Fukumura, T., Kawasaki, M. and Koinuma, H. (2012) S Doping in ZnO Film by Supplying ZnS Species with Pulsed-Laser-Deposition Method. Applied Physics Letters, 81, 3798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1521577
- Li, Y.J., Duan, R., Shi, P.B. and Qin, G.G. (2004) Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Si Substrates Using a ZnS Source. Journal of Crystal Growth, 260, 309-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.08.041
- Yang, X.-L., Dai, W.-L., Chen, H., Cao, Y., Li, H.X., He, H.Y. and Fan, K.N. (2004) Novel Efficient and Green Approach to the Synthesis of Glutaraldehyde over Highly Active W-Doped SBA-15 Catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 229, 259-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2004.10.009
- Ramakanth, K. (2007) Basic of Diffraction and Its Application. I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Dehli.
- Zhang, J.-M., Zhang, Y., Xu, K.-W. and Ji, V. (2006) General Compliance Transformation Relation and Applications for Anisotropic Hexagonal Metals. Solid State Communications, 139, 87-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2006.05.026