Correlations in Nuclear Interactions between E<sub>CM</sub>/<i>u</i> and Unexplained Experimental Observables
- 1 Gesellschaft für Kernspektrometrie mbH, Ebsdorfergrund, Germany
- 2 Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universit?t Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- 3 Institute of Nuclear Science, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- 4 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- 5 Fachbereich Materialwissenschaften, Technische Universit?t, Darmstadt, Germany
- 6 Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Hellas
- 7 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Abstract
A new concept is introduced for the classification of “unresolved problems” in the understanding of interactions in thick targets irradiated with relativistic ions: The centre-of-mass energy per nucleon of a hypothetical compound nucleus from a primary interaction, E CM / u , is calculated and correlated with experimental observations in thick target irradia- tions. One observes in various reactions of relativistic primary ions with thick targets that there appears to be a thresh- old energy for reactions leading to “unresolved problems” which lies around E CM / u ~ 150 MeV. All “unresolved prob- lems” are exclusively observed above this threshold, whereas below this threshold no “unresolved problems” are found. A similar threshold at 158 ± 3 MeV exists for massive pion production in nuclear interactions. Hagedorn had proposed this threshold decades ago and it is known as the Hagedorn limit. In this paper we will only mention, but not elaborate on Hagedorn’s theoretical concept any further. Some considerations will be presented and further studies in this field are suggested.
- R. Brandt, V. A. Ditlov, K. K. Dwivedi, W. Ensinger, E. Ganssauge, S.-L. Guo, M. Haiduc, S. R. Hashemi-Nezhad, H. A. Khan, M. I. Krivopustov, R. Odoj, E. A. Pozharova, V. A. Smirnitzki, A. N. Sosnin, W. Westmeier and M. Zamani-Valasiadou, “Interactions of Relativistic Heavy Ions in Thick Heavy Element Targets—and Some Unresolved Problems,” Physics of Elementary Particles and Nuclei, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2008, pp. 507-526 (original), reprinted in Physics of Particles and Nuclei, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 259-285. doi:1
- S. R. Hashemi-Nezhad, M. Zamani-Valasiadou, M. I. Krivopustov, R. Brandt, W. Ensinger, R. Odoj and W. Westmeier, “Neutron Production in Thick Targets Irradiated with High Energy Ions,” Physics Research International, Vol. 2011, Article ID: 128429, 12 pages. doi:10.1155/2011/128429
- G. Dersch, “Kernchemische Studien zum Anomalonenph?nomen bei Kernreaktionen mit Relativistischen Schwerionen,” PhD Dissertation, Philipps Universit?t, Marburg, 1986.
- P. B. Price, “Overview of a Conference (23rd International Conference on SSNTDs, Beijing, September 2006),” Radiation Measurements, Vol. 43, 2008, pp. 662664.
- R. C. Barber, H. G?ggeler, P. J. Karol, H. Nakahara, E. Vardaci and E. Vogt, “Discovery of the Element with Atomic Number 112 (IUPAP Technical Report),” Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 81, No. 7, 2009, pp. 13311343. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-08-03-05
- I. Hartmann and R. Brandt, “Noise between ASAT and SAT,” In: Dr. P. Gschwind and B. Hugiweg, Eds., A Model for Nuclear Phenomena, Called Anomalons, Mathematisch-Physikalische Korrespondenz, Dornach, 2009, pp. 3-35.
- E. R?ssle, E. Schopper, “Absorptionsanalyse der Sternausl?senden Komponenten der Ultrastrahlung,” Zeitschrift für Naturforschung Teil A, Vol. 9, 1954, pp. 837-851.
- S. R. Hashemi-Nezhad, R. Brandt, W. Westmeier, V. P. Bamblevski, M. I. Krivopustov, B. A. Kulakov, A. N. Sosnin, J.-S. Wan and R. Odoj, “Monte Carlo Analysis of Accelerator Driven Systems: Studies on Spallation Neutron Yield and Energy Gain,” Kerntechnik, Vol. 66, No. 1-2, 2001, pp. 47-53
- L. Lerman, “On the Symmetry of Nuclear Identity between Relativistic Primary and Secondary Nuclei,” PhD Dissertation, Philipps-Universit?t, Marburg, 2002.
- M. Ochs, “Experimente zur Neutronenfreisetzung durch Spallationsreaktionen in Massiven Kupferund Bleitargets,” PhD Dissertation, Philipps-Universit?t, Marburg, 1997.
- W. Westmeier, et al., (in preparation).