Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Mathematical Model with Energy and Clustering Energy Based Routing Protocols as Remediation to the Directional Source Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
Issam Fares Faculty of Technology, Department of Telecom and Networks, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
Faculty of Engineering Branch 1, Department of Electricity and Electronics, Lebanese University, Lebanon
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, The University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
Faculty of Engineering, Notre Dame University, Lebanon
Université Paris-Saclay, Pôle scientifique et technologique de Vélizy, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes de Versailles (LISV EA4048), Vélizy, France
Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S UMR CNRS 8506), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- 1 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
- 2 Issam Fares Faculty of Technology, Department of Telecom and Networks, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
- 3 Faculty of Engineering Branch 1, Department of Electricity and Electronics, Lebanese University, Lebanon
- 4 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
- 5 Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, The University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- 6 Faculty of Engineering, Notre Dame University, Lebanon
- 7 Université Paris-Saclay, Pôle scientifique et technologique de Vélizy, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes de Versailles (LISV EA4048), Vélizy, France
- 8 Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S UMR CNRS 8506), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Wireless Sensor Network·Volume 14 (2022)·Pages 23–39·Published 28 July 2022·DOI10.4236/wsn.2022.142002
Copy link · social · email
Abstract
In this paper, a routing protocol for wireless sensor network, baptized energy based protocol (EBP) is proposed. Wireless sensor network present s many challenges and constraints , and one of the major constraints is the routing problem. Due to the limited energy of sensor nodes, routing in this type of network shall perform efficiently to maximize the network lifetime. One of the proposed algorithms is the directional source aware routing protocol (DSAP) which, after simulation, showed a lot of limitations and drawbacks. The modified directional source aware routing protocol (MDSAP) was proposed by the authors of this paper to address some of the DSAP’s limitations but remains limited to a fixed topology, fixed source and stationary nodes. So EBP is proposed and operate d under different scenarios and showed, after its simulation using TinyOS, many advantages in terms of load balancing, free looping, minimizing packet error rate and maximizing network lifetime.
KeywordsClusterDSAPEnergyMDSAPRoutingSensor NetworkTopologyEnergy Based Protocol
- Smart Dust. University of California, Berkeley.
- Pottie, G.J. and Kaiser, W.J. (2000) Wireless Integrated Network Sensors. Communication of the ACM, 43, 51-58.
- Hill, J., Szewczyk, R., Woo, A., Hollar, S., Culler, D. and Pister, K. (2000) System Architecture Directions for Networked Sensors. ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, 28, 93-104.
- El-Haddad, S., Genet, M.G., El-Hassan, B. and El-Nabbouch, D. (2008) MDSAP Simulation Using TinyOs and Hospital Application Modeling. 2008 First International Conference on the Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies (ICADIWT), Ostrava, 4-6 August 2008, 133-138.
- Salhieh, A. (2004) Efficient Communication in Stationary Wireless Sensor Networks. Ph.D. Thesis, the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit.
- El-Haddad, S., Girod-Genet, M. and El-Hassan, B. (2006) Simulation and Refinement of Directional Source Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. 2006 2nd International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies, Damascus, 24-28 April 2006, 2689-2694.
- El-Haddad, S., Girod-Genet, M. and El-Hassan, B. (2007) DSAP for Wireless Sensor Networks—Modified Algorithm and Simulation Using OMNeT++. 4th International Conference: Sciences of Electronic, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications, Tunisia, 25-29 March 2007, 6 p.
- Levis, P., Lee, N., Welsh, M. and Culler, D. (2003) TOSSIM: Accurate and Scalable Simulation of Entire TinyOS Applications. First ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Los Angeles, 5-7 November 2003, 126-137.
- El-Haddad, S., Girod-Genet, M., El-Hassan, B., Ismail, L.N. (2015) Clustering Energy Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. BLACKSEACOM 2015: 3rd International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking, Constanta, May 2015.
- Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A. and Balakrishnan, H. (2000) Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. Hawaiian International Conference on Systems Science, Maui, 7 January 2000, 10.
- Salhieh, A., Weinmann, J., Kochhal, M. and Schwiebert, L. (2001) Power Efficient Topologies for Wireless Sensor Networks. International Conference on Parallel Processing, Valencia, 3-7 September 2001, 156-163.
- Steinleitner, N. (2008) Efficient Routing in PAN and Sensor Networks. Center for Informatics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen.