Toward a Multi-Hop, Multi-Path Fault-Tolerant and Load Balancing Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
- 1 School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Abstract
This paper describes a novel energy-aware multi-hop cluster-based fault-tolerant load balancing hierarchical routing protocol for a self-organizing wireless sensor network (WSN), which takes into account the broadcast nature of radio. The main idea is using hierarchical fuzzy soft cluster s enabling non - exclusive overlapping clusters, thus allowing partial multiple membership of a node to more than one cluster, whereby for each cluster the clusterhead (CH) takes in charge intra-cluster issues of aggregating the information from nodes members, and then collaborate and coordinate with its related overlapping area heads (OAHs), which are elected heuristically to ensure inter-clusters communication. This communication is implemented using an extended version of time-division multiple access (TDMA) allowing the allocation of several slots for a given node, and alternating the role of the clusterhead and its associated overlapping area heads. Each cluster head relay s information to overlapping area heads which in turn each relay s it to other associated cluster heads in related clusters, thus the information propagates gradually until it reaches the sink in a multi-hop fashion.
- K. Pahlavan and A. Levesque, “Wireless Information Networks,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1995.
- F. Zhao and L. J. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach. The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking,” Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004.
- T. J. Dishongh, M. McGrath and B. Kuris, “Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare Applications,” Artech house, 2009.
- S. C. Yang, “3G CDMA2000 Wireless System Engineering,” Artech house, 2004.
- I. F. Akyildiz, et al., “A Survey on Sensor Networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 8, 2002, pp. 102-114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2002.1024422
- I. F. Akyildiz, “Mehmet Can Vuran, Wireless Sensor Networks,” Wiley, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470515181
- A. Boukerche, “Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Wiley, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470396360
- S. Haykin and K. J. R. Liu, “Handbook on Array Processing and Sensor Networks,” Wiley, 2009.
- A. Nayak and I. Stojmenovic, “Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks: Algorithms and Protocols for Scalable Coordination and Data Communication,” Wiley, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470570517
- IST Advisory Group, “Scenarios for Ambient Intelligence in 2010,” European Commission, 2001.
- A. Vasilakos and W. Pedrycz, “Ambient Intelligence, Wireless Networking, and Ubiquitous Computing,” Artech house, 2006.
- W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, “An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, October 2002, pp. 660-670.
- E. Bosse, J. Roy and S. Wark, “Concepts, Models, and Tools for Information Fusion,” Artech House, 2007.
- D. L. Hall and S. A. H. McMullen, “Mathematical Techniques in Multisensor Data Fusion,” 2nd Edition, Artech House, 2004.
- M. Beldjehem, “On Conception and Validation of Hybrid Relational Min-Max Learners,” International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2011, pp. 1-21.
- M. Beldjehem, “A Granular Unified Framework for Learning Fuzzy Systems,” Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2009, pp. 520-528.